Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of wastewater treatment system which is particularly designed to purify artificial wastewater for its exercise. Its end is to release safe water to the terrain from the dangerous effect caused by the effluent.
Industrial backwaters contain colorful accouterments, depending on the assiduity. Some backwaters contain canvases and grease, and some include poisonous accouterments (e.g., cyanide). Backwaters from food and libation manufactories contain degradable organic adulterants. Since artificial wastewater contains a diversity of contaminations and thus specific treatment technology called ETP is needed.
The ETP Plant works in colorful situations and involves colorful physical, chemical, natural, and membrane processes to treat wastewater from different artificial sectors like chemicals, medicines, medicinal, refineries, dairy, ready blend shops & cloth, etc.
Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant Process
The treatment of different backwaters varies with the type of effluent. Wastewater enters the effluent or sewage treatment factory and goes through several processes before effluent goes into the terrain. The industrial effluent treatment factory process includes the ensuing stages
1. Preliminary Treatment:
Its ideal is the physical separation of large-sized pollutants. For illustration cloth, paper, plastics, wood logs, etc. This position/ process includes-
Screening: This is the first unit operation that occurs in wastewater treatment plants. A screen is a device with invariant openings and its purpose is to remove large floating solids.
Sedimentation: It’s a physical water treatment process using graveness to remove suspended solids from water.
Grit Chamber: The wastewater that moves into the fortitude chamber removes the thick inorganic solids similar to clay, essence fractions, and beach which have made their way into the seamsters. junking of fortitude can help dangerous pumps & functional difficulties.
Clarifiers: These are tanks erected with mechanical means for nonstop junking of solids being deposited by sedimentation before natural treatment.
2. Primary Treatment:
Its end is junking of floating and settleable accouterments similar to suspended solids and organic matter. In this treatment, both physical and chemical styles are used. It includes-
Flocculation: is a physical process and doesn’t involve the neutralization of charge. It involves the addition of destabilized patches together into large summations so that they can be fluently separated from the water.
Coagulation: this is a process in which coagulants are added for the purpose of rapid-fire agreement of nanosecond solid patches in a liquid into a larger mass. It permits flyspeck junking by sedimentation and filtration.
Neutralization: The main purpose of this process helps in maintaining the pH range of 6- 9 to meet the conditions of different processing units in the ETP system.
Primary Clarifiers: These are used to decelerate the haste of the water to a point where organic solids will settle to the bottom of the tank and it contains an outfit that’s used to remove floating solids and greases from the face.
3. Secondary or Biological Treatment
The idea of this treatment is the further treatment of the effluent from primary treatment to remove the suspended solids and residual organics. In this step, natural and chemical processes are involved.
Actuated Sludge Process: This is used for treating artificial wastewater using air and a natural floc composed of bacteria.
Aerated Lagoons: This is a treatment pond handed with artificial aeration to promote the natural oxidation of wastewater.
Trickling Filters: Also known as smattering pollutants are generally used for the natural treatment of domestic sewage and artificial wastewater.
Rotating Biological Contactor: It involves allowing the wastewater to come in contact with a natural medium to remove adulterants in the wastewater before the treated wastewater is discharged to the terrain.
4. Tertiary/ advanced/ disinfection treatment
The purpose of tertiary treatment is to give a final treatment stage to raise the effluent quality to the asked position before it’s reused, reclaimed, or discharged to the terrain.
Chemical Coagulation and sedimentation: It’s used to increase the junking of solids from effluent after primary and secondary treatment.
Filtration: The clarified wastewater is first passed through the conterminous filtration factory which contains large sludge blocks to insure high-quality water.
Reverse Osmosis: In this process, pressure is used to force effluent through a membrane that retains pollutants on one side and allows clean water to pass to the other side.
UV Disinfection: It’s considered an ideal detergent for artificial wastewater. It leaves no residual detergent in the water by icing the water quality. It doesn’t produce any disinfection by-products.
Effluent Treatment Plant Design
The design of ETP depends on the quality and volume of wastewater discharged from the different diligence and land availability. However, also Common Effluent Treatment Plant( CETP) is preferred over Effluent Treatment Plant( ETP) If the vacuity of land in your assiduity is less.
Benefits of Effluent Treatment Plant:
1. To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use
2. To reduce the usage of fresh water in industries
3. To preserve the natural environment against pollution
4. To meet the standards for the emission of pollutants set by the Government & avoid heavy penalty
5. To reduce expenditure on water acquisition