Before we get in to the comprehensive of major effects of water pollution, we must understand what actually does ‘Water Pollution’ means !
Water Contamination or Water Pollution is the accumulation of impurities mainly caused by human activities in various sources of water such as river-streams , lakes , ponds , seas , oceans etc. because of which these sources of water becomes unusable , uncultivable for numerous applications such as drinking , cooking , in refineries , cleaning- washing , swimming and many other activities.
Various impurities or contaminants which pollutes water can be microbes , bacteria , protozoa , numbers of chemical compound , trashes from plastics and glasses. These pollutants somehow makes their way to enter the water bodies through sources like kitchen households waste, hospital waste via sewers.
Even the pollution that is caused by Air Contamination/pollution floats in the open air & eventually settles down on the surface of these mentioned water sources polluting them by mixing or by blocking beneficial sun-light or fresh air. These deposition of impurities disturbs the ecosystem of water .
Not only the Air Pollution but Land/Soil Pollution as well pollutes the world of water. Landfills, garbage dumps are a mix of harmful liquid/semi-liquid impurities mixed with them that causes seepage through the soil to the underground water-streams, aquifers.
These underground sources later then combines with the river-streams, eventually to the larger water bodies like seas & oceans polluting them. So lets discuss now what are the five effects of water pollution.
Major five(05) effects of polluting water can be explained in points as :
Major decline in the water supply to the population
We completely rely on the resources of water for our survival, & healthy hygienic water is our need . But growing water pollution hinders that need of procuring fresh hygienic water supply while meeting the demands .
Growing Population in our planet has been alarming to acquire more supply of water eventually more storage of water as reservoirs, lakes, ponds, etc
But Alas! That seems to be very difficult due to the contamination of our water sources resulting in decreased quantity of fresh water storage from where water could be taken out for short treatment and supply distribution.
Fatal damages to our Bio-Diversity
Water pollution exhausts aquatic habitats and results in uncontrollable phytoplankton blooming in lakes-ponds , triggering eutrophication .
Eutrophication is Bad for water eco-system:
Eutrophication occurs when there is an excess of nutrients in water, typically nitrogen & phosphates . Algae thrive on the nutrients that exist in the water, expanding, & turning green .
The growth of algal blooms may stink, restrict sunlight, & , in rare situations, produce poisons-toxins . When algae die, bacteria break down them, using the oxygen present in the water & required by fish & other aquatic life to breathe.
If enough oxygen is withdrawn from the water, it can become undernourished-hypoxic, which means there isn’t enough oxygen to support life, resulting in creating a dead zone.
Eventually Poisoning to the food chain.
Fishing in contaminated rivers-streams & utilizing waste water for animal production & crops may leach toxins into foods that are damaging to our health when consumed.
Water-Scarcity of safe drinking water.
According to the UN, billions of people throughout the world lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation, particularly in rural regions.
Water pollution make water prone to water-borne Diseases.
The World Health Organization(WHO) estimates that over & around 2 billion people are forced to drink unclean unhygienic water, exposing them to illnesses such as cholera, hepatitis A, and dysentery.
A spiking increase in the Infant mortality because of Diarrhoeal infections, cholera, dysentery & typhoid caused by a lack of cleanliness, least maintenance of the apparatuses of water that are reaching people causing fatalities around 1,000 children each & every day, according to the reports of United Nations(UN) .
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