The purpose or the task a Reverse Osmosis does is very crucial for human beings. It processes raw water full of impurities/pollutants into purified water free from almost all kinds of organic(bacteria, microbes, planktons, etc) & inorganic(harmful chemical compounds which can be toxic or poisonous) substances that may harm humans as well as flora-fauna surroundings. So lets discuss what is the purpose of the ro plant.
In short, it can be said that Reverse Osmosis has changed the way of water world as it was used to. It provides/supports in the sustaining life while surviving out of worst scenarios occurring across the world.
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Cause behind the Rise(Inventions):
The cause behind the invention of this beautiful technology can be directed towards the simultaneous & continuous harm that all factories & industries with the industrialization has resulted.
Not only industrialization but also the large scale human activities due to rising of population has led to polluting water on a great extent.
All these factors collectively resulted in the discovery of the technique of Reverse Osmosis & eventually a RO plant was developed.
If any revolution came into existence in the world of water , it is due to this humongous level technique with its plant.
Working Principle
Reverse osmosis works by increasing the pressure on the salt side of the RO & forcing the water past the semi-permeable RO membrane, leaving virtually all (approximately 95% to 99%) of the dissolved salts behind in the reject stream along with most of the biological contaminants as well.
The amount of pressure needed is determined by the salt content in the input water. The higher the pressure required to overcome osmotic pressure, the more concentrated the feed water.
Permeate(or the product) water is de-salinated water that has been de-mineralized or de-ionized in the Process.
The reject(or concentrate) stream is the water stream that consists of the concentrated pollutants that did not pass through the RO.
As the feed water enters the RO membrane under pressure (enough to overcome osmotic pressure), the water molecules pass through the semi-permeable membrane while the salts as well as other contaminants cannot penetrate the membrane and are then released through the reject stream (also known as the concentrate or briny stream),
The Reject stream then goes to drain or, in few cases, be fed back into the source/feed water supply to be recycled thoroughly through the RO system to save water.
Working Process:
The water that passes through the RO membrane is known as permeate or product water, and it typically contains 95% to 99% of the dissolved salts eliminated.
It is critical to realize that a RO system uses cross filtration instead of normal filtration, which collects pollutants inside the filter material.
Cross filtration occurs when a solution passes through or crosses a filter with two outlets: the water that has been filtered travels one way and the polluted water goes the other.
Cross-flow filtration allows water to sweep away pollutant build up while also providing sufficient turbulent flow to keep the membrane’s surface clean/clear. Below is the flow chart for the systemic working principle operation of RO plants.
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