Water scarcity leading to water crisis is not a typical or common , even in countries with ample water resources . So now we can talk about what is the cause of the water crisis in india.
Indian situation/scenario of water crisis
Focusing toward the water crisis due to scarcity of water in India, we all must be aware that Water is the major driving- force behind all prospering life on this planet . India contains ~4% of the world’s water resources , yet it became water-stressed from the year 2011 .
According to a 2018 NITI Aayog study , India is experiencing the most severe water crisis/water scarce in its history , with about 600 million people without having proper access to clean water.
According to the analysis , 21 cities , including Bangalore, Delhi , Hyderabad, & Chennai, probably depleted their groundwater resources during 2021 .
Chief Cause/Reason :
It is obvious that drastic climate-change , together with human factors like increasing population, spiking pollution, continuous wastage of water while consuming in an Unsustainable way, etc is increasingly depriving humans specifically children of their right & not only children but all animals to have access to safe water & sanitation .
This maybe causing of a number of issues , such as crumbling infrastructure & distribution systems , contamination , conflict , or scanty management of water resources .
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Causes behind the crisis of water in India :
Agriculture is the India’s largest consumer of water stock .
Groundwater resources meet around 80-90 percent of potable drinking water demands in rural India. The GroundWater levels in India sinking down to more than 60 per cent during the interval between 2007-2017, with crossing-over 90 per cent of the extracted water being utilized in agriculture which is a worrying fearsome matter .
According to an independent research by the Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation in 2014 , rain-fed agriculture accounts for 70 per cent of all farmlands in India. Regardless of this , ~65 percent of the total rain falling is lost & disappear to the sea.
Collective Pollution
Water pollution/contamination is an additional form of water strain on the planet, resulting in health-care collateral losses. Cities house 36 percent of India’s population yet are responsible for 70% of water pollution.
Water pollution is also a collective result of Air pollution & Land/Soil pollution though settling of air contaminants over the water bodies & seepage through/ within the soil respectively .
This pollution then eventually polluting the water eco-system which makes it difficult to utilize the water in various purpose which leads to the crisis in the availability of good water.
Continuous Wastage of Water
India still has an abundance of water & acquires enough yearly rainfall to cover the needs of over a billion people. According to the Central Water Commission, India requires a maximum of 3,000 billion m3 of water per year & receives 4,000 billion m3 of rain.
The issue on the other hand, is that India retrieves just 8% of its yearly rainfall, which is among the lowest in the world. Traditional water collecting methods are unable to fulfill the needs of the increasing population & the adoption of urban planning guidelines.
India has analogously struggled with the treatment & re-use of residential wastewater.
Approx. 80% of the water reaching Indian housing is drained off as waste flows through sewage, polluting other water bodies such as rivers & lands resulting in a crisis in water utilizable.
Climate Change
Climate change is modifying weather patterns, which results in extreme weather events such as severe droughts, variable water supply, growing water scarcity, & contaminated water sources.
So when we talk about what is the cause of the water crisis in india such impacts can have a major influence on the quantity & quality of water that humans require to exist.
Water Encroachment by various Infrastructural demands
Water sources are being encroached upon to meet the infrastructural demands of developing cities.
Lack of attention & coordination within various policy frameworks
The National Water Policy prioritizes irrigation the most. The water managing authority has been suffering from hydro-schizophrenia since the country’s independence.
Water management, comprising surface water, groundwater, drinking water, & irrigation, has been managed independently by multiple bodies such as the Central Water Commission (CWC) & Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) without any prior interaction/collaboration.
This Scarcity due to water -crisis , the whole world is going to face various drawbacks/imperfections in coming years like :
- For at least one(01) month every year , four billion people—nearly two-thirds(2/3rd) of the world’s population —experience severe/deadly water crisis .
- More than around two(02) billion people residing/living in those nations/country where they are living/residing with insufficient/scanty or sometimes with no water supplies .
- By as early as 2025 , half of the world’s population maybe residing/make their living in regions with scarce water supplies .
- By 2030 , severe water scarcity maybe forcing/compelling approx. 700 million people to relocate .
- Approx. around one(01) in every four(04) children among the population may be residing/living in regions with extremely high water-stress globally by the year 2040 .
Furthermore, many nations & big cities throughout the world , both rich & poor , suffered an expanding water crisis in the twenty-first(21st) century as a result of population growth , wasteful utilize , rising pollution , & alteration in weather patterns caused by planet’s global-warming.
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